During which design phase is the budgeting often based on major subsystems of a project?

The budgeting during the schematic design phase is often based on major subsystems of a project because this phase focuses on defining the overall project scope and gathering initial design concepts. At this stage, architects translate the client’s needs and project requirements into a conceptual framework, which includes broad decisions about systems and materials.

In the schematic design phase, project costs are typically estimated using high-level assessments that reflect these major subsystems, such as structural, mechanical, electrical, and finishes systems. This is done to ensure that the project remains within the financial constraints outlined by the client early in the design process. The budget formulated at this stage is essential for guiding subsequent design decisions and ensuring that aspirations are aligned with financial realities.

The later design phases, such as design development or construction documentation, involve more detailed and precise budgeting based on specific selections of materials and systems. Thus, the focus on major subsystems in the schematic design phase serves as the foundation for the comprehensive budgeting process that occurs in these later stages.