What is the natural cooling method called that utilizes shading, natural ventilation, and evaporative cooling?

The method referred to as passive solar cooling incorporates various techniques to manage indoor temperatures without mechanical means. Utilizing shading, natural ventilation, and evaporative cooling is a hallmark of this approach, where the focus is on harnessing the natural environment to create comfortable living spaces.

Shading is crucial as it reduces heat gain from direct sunlight, thereby maintaining cooler indoor temperatures during hot weather. This can be achieved through overhangs, awnings, or strategically placed vegetation. Natural ventilation is employed by allowing air to flow through spaces via open windows or vents, which helps dissipate heat and bring in cooler air. Evaporative cooling takes advantage of water's ability to absorb heat from the air; when air passes over a wet surface, it cools down as the water evaporates, creating a refreshing indoor climate.

In contrast, forced air cooling relies on mechanical systems such as air conditioners to cool the air. Active solar cooling also requires mechanical systems powered by solar energy to offer cooling solutions. Radiative cooling involves heat transfer through radiation but does not encompass the combined concepts of shading and ventilation. Therefore, passive solar cooling is the most holistic method that leverages these natural principles effectively.